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This article is part of the Technical Readiness stage of your upgrade journey, an activity you complete in parallel with the User Readiness stage. Before proceeding, confirm that you've completed these activities from previous stages:

Tip

Watch the following session to learn how to Teams leverages your network and how to best plan for optimal network connectivity: Teams Network Planning

If you're deploying audio, video, or meetings, you can take some additional steps to optimize your network for that functionality. Teams uses audio and video technology (codecs) that can adapt to—and therefore perform better under—most network conditions. To ensure optimal and consistent performance, you should prepare your network for Teams.

Why should you prepare your network?

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Before we look at the steps to be taken, it's important to understand what can affect the performance of Teams and thereby user happiness and satisfaction. Three major risk areas can affect how users perceive network quality:

  • Insufficient bandwidth available

  • Firewall and proxy blockers

  • Network impairments such as jitter and packet loss

The steps described below will help you determine whether your deployment might be affected by any of these factors and will help you move toward a resolution. Failing to prepare your network will likely lead to dissatisfied users and costly, ad-hoc fixes. By preparing your network—and your organization—for Teams, you can dramatically increase your chance of success.

Bandwidth planning

Microsoft Teams gives you the best audio, video and content sharing experience regardless of your network conditions. With variable codecs, media can be negotiated in limited bandwidth environments with minimal impact. But where bandwidth is not a concern, experiences can be optimized for quality, including up to 1080p video resolution, up to 30fps for video and 15fps for content, and high-fidelity audio.

This table describes how Teams uses bandwidth. Teams is always conservative on bandwidth utilization and can deliver HD video quality in under 1.2Mbps. The actual bandwidth consumption in each audio/video call or meeting will vary based on several factors, such as video layout, video resolution, and video frames per second. When more bandwidth is available, quality and usage will increase to deliver the best experience.

Bandwidth(up/down)Scenarios
30 kbpsPeer-to-peer audio calling
130 kbpsPeer-to-peer audio calling and screen sharing
500 kbpsPeer-to-peer quality video calling 360p at 30fps
1.2 MbpsPeer-to-peer HD quality video calling with resolution of HD 720p at 30fps
1.5 MbpsPeer-to-peer HD quality video calling with resolution of HD 1080p at 30fps
500kbps/1MbpsGroup Video calling
1Mbps/2MbpsHD Group video calling (540p videos on 1080p screen)

Local internet egress

Many networks were designed to use a hub and spoke topology. In this topology, internet traffic typically traverses the WAN to a central datacenter before it emerges (egresses) to the internet. Often, this is done to centralize network security devices with the goal of reducing overall cost.

Back-hauling traffic across the WAN increases latency and has a negative impact on quality and the user experience. Because Microsoft Teams runs on Microsoft's large global network, there's often a network peering location close to the user. A user will most likely get better performance by egressing out of a local internet point close to their location and on to our voice-optimized network as soon as possible. For some workloads, DNS requests are used to send traffic to the nearest front-end server. In such cases, it's important that when using a local egress point, it's paired with local DNS resolution.

Optimizing the network path to Microsoft's global network will improve performance and ultimately provide the best experience for users. For more detail, see the blog post Getting the best connectivity and performance in Office 365.

To get an optimal experience using real-time media within Microsoft Teams, you must meet the networking requirements for Office 365. For more information, see Media Quality and Network Connectivity Performance for Skype for Business Online.

The two defining network segments (Client to Microsoft Edge and Customer Edge to Microsoft Edge) must meet the following requirements:

ValueClient to Microsoft EdgeCustomer Edge to Microsoft Edge
Latency (one way)< 50 ms< 30 ms
Latency (round-trip time, or RTT)< 100 ms< 60 ms
Burst packet loss<10% during any 200-ms interval<1% during any 200-ms interval
Packet loss<1% during any 15-sec interval<0.1% during any 15-sec interval
Packet inter-arrival jitter<30 ms during any 15-sec interval<15 ms during any 15-sec interval
Packet reorder<0.05% out-of-order packets<0.01% out-of-order packets

To test both network segments, you can use the Network Assessment Tool. This tool can be deployed on both the client PC directly and on a PC connected to the Customer Network Edge. The tool includes limited documentation, but a deeper documentation around the usage of the tool can be found here: Network Readiness Assessment. By running this Network Readiness Assessment, you can validate your network's readiness to run real-time media applications, such as Microsoft Teams.

Note

This is the same Network Readiness Assessment that we recommend be run by customers who are looking to successfully deploy Skype for Business.

VPN

VPNs provide a valuable service to many organizations. Unfortunately, they're typically not designed or configured to support real-time media. Some VPNs might also not support UDP. VPNs also introduce an extra layer of encryption on top of media traffic that's already encrypted. In addition, connectivity to the Teams service might not be efficient due to hair-pinning traffic through a VPN device. Furthermore, they aren't necessarily designed from a capacity perspective to accommodate the anticipated loads that Teams will require.

The recommendation is to provide an alternate path that bypasses the VPN for Teams traffic. This is commonly known as split-tunnel VPN. Split tunneling means that traffic for Office 365 won't traverse the VPN but will go directly to Office 365. This change will have a positive impact on quality, but also provides the secondary benefit of reducing load from the VPN devices and the organization's network.

To implement a split-tunnel, consult with your VPN vendor for the configuration details.

Wi-Fi

Like VPN, Wi-Fi networks aren't necessarily designed or configured to support real-time media. Planning for, or optimizing, a Wi-Fi network to support Teams is an important consideration for a high-quality deployment.

There are several factors that come into play for optimizing a Wi-Fi network:

  • Implementing QoS or Wi-Fi Multimedia (WMM) to ensure that media traffic is getting prioritized accordingly over the Wi-Fi networks.

  • Planning and optimizing the Wi-Fi bands and access point placement. The 2.4 GHz range might provide an adequate experience depending on access point placement, but access points are often affected by other consumer devices that operate in that range. The 5 GHz range is better suited to real-time media due to their dense range but requires more access points to get sufficient coverage. Endpoints also need to support that range and be configured to leverage those bands accordingly.

  • If dual-band Wi-Fi networks are deployed, consider implementing band steering. Band steering is a technique implemented by Wi-Fi vendors to influence dual-band clients to use the 5 GHz range.

  • When access points of the same channel are too close together they can cause signal overlap and unintentionally compete, resulting in a bad experience for the user. Ensure that access points that are next to each other are on channels that don't overlap.

Each wireless vendor has its own recommendations for deploying its wireless solution. We recommend that you consult your vendor for specific guidance.

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Firewall and proxy requirements

Microsoft Teams connects to Microsoft Online Services and needs internet connectivity for this. For Teams to function correctly, you must open TCP ports 80 and 443 from the clients to the internet, and UDP ports 3478 through 3481 from the clients to the internet. The TCP ports are used to connect to web-based content such as SharePoint Online, Exchange Online, and the Teams Chat services. Plug-ins and connectors also connect over these TCP ports. The four UDP ports are used for media such as audio and video, to ensure they flow correctly.

Opening these ports is essential for a reliable Teams deployment. Blocking these ports is unsupported and will affect media quality.

If your organization requires that you specify the exact IP address ranges and domains to which these ports should be opened, you can restrict the target IP ranges and domains for these ports. For a list of exact ports, protocols, and IP ranges, see Office 365 URLs and IP address ranges. If you choose to restrict the target IP address ranges and domains, you must ensure that you keep the list of ports and ranges up to date because they might change. You can subscribe to this RSS feed to be updated when changes occur. It's also a good practice to test whether all ports are opened by running the Skype for Business Network Assessment Tool on a regular basis. You can find out more about the functionality of this tool in the next section.

In the event of a proxy server being deployed, we recommend that you bypass the proxy server for all Teams services. Although using a proxy might work, it's very likely that quality will be reduced due to media's being forced to use TCP instead of UDP. For more information about proxy servers and bypassing, see Office 365 URLs and IP address ranges.

Additional network considerations

External name resolution

Ensure that all the client computers running the Teams client can resolve external DNS queries to discover the services provided by Office 365.

NAT pool size

When multiple users and devices access Office 365 by using Network Address Translation (NAT) or Port Address Translation (PAT), you need to ensure that the devices hidden behind each publicly routable IP address don't exceed the supported number.

To mitigate this risk, ensure adequate public IP addresses are assigned to the NAT pools to prevent port exhaustion. Port exhaustion will cause internal end users and devices to face issues when connecting to the Office 365 services. For more information, see NAT support with Office 365.

Intrusion detection and prevention guidance

If your environment has an intrusion detection system and/or intrusion prevention system deployed for an extra layer of security for outbound connections, ensure that any traffic that has Office 365 URLs as its destination is whitelisted.

Test the network

After you've completed your planning and network preparation—including upgrading bandwidth and opening ports in the firewall—you should test your network's performance. The results of this testing will paint a clearer picture of any network optimization or remediation required for the success of your Teams implementation.

You can download the Skype for Business Network Assessment Tool to test whether your network is ready for Teams. The tool offers dual functionality: it can test whether all the correct ports have been opened, and it can test for network impairments.

After you download and install the tool, you can find it in C:Program Files (x86)Microsoft Skype for Business Network Assessment Tool. A detailed guide for how to use the tool, Usage.docx, is included in that directory.

Test for opened ports

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Microsoft Teams Mac Update

Open a Command prompt window and navigate to the Network Assessment Tool directory by entering cd C:Program Files (x86)Microsoft Skype for Business Network Assessment Tool. At the command prompt, start the test for opened ports by entering networkassessmenttool.exe /connectivitycheck

After running the checks, the tool will either display the message 'Verifications Completed Successfully' or report on the ports that were blocked. It also generates a file named Connectivity_results.txt, which contains the output from the tool and stores it in the %userprofile%appdatalocalmicrosoft skype for business network assessment tool directory.

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We recommend that you run the connectivity checks on a regular basis to ensure the ports have been opened and are functioning correctly.

Test for network impairments

To increase user satisfaction, you should limit any impairments on your network. The most common network impairments are delay (latency), packet loss, and jitter:

  • Latency: This is the time it takes to get an IP packet from point A to point B on the network. This network propagation delay is essentially tied to physical distance between the two points and the speed of light, including additional overhead taken by the various routers in between. Latency is measured as one-way or round-trip time.

  • Packet loss: This is often defined as a percentage of packets that are lost in a given window of time. Packet loss directly affects audio quality—from small, individual lost packets having almost no impact to back-to-back burst losses that cause audio to cut out completely.

  • Inter-packet arrival jitter, or simply jitter: This is the average change in delay between successive packets. Most modern VoIP software, including Skype for Business, can adapt to some levels of jitter through buffering. It's only when the jitter exceeds the buffering that a participant will notice the effects of jitter.

The maximum values for these impairments are described in Media quality and network connectivity performance. When testing for these impairments, we distinguish between two separate segments:

  • The edge segment is the segment in which your router lives. This is the closest logical network segment connected to the internet at each of your locations. In most cases, this is the connection point of the router, or possibly a perimeter network (also known as DMZ, demilitarized zone, and screened subnet). No further traffic that affects devices other than the router should occur between this segment and the internet.

  • The client segment is the logical network segment in which your clients reside.

You should test both segments by using the Network Assessment Tool. To test the segment, navigate to the directory and enter networkassessmenttool.exe at the command prompt. The results are written to a file named Results.tsv, and you can compare them to the requirements for each segment.

Note that both segments must meet the requirements for a high-quality deployment. We recommend that you run the tool multiple times for one hour straight to get a good indication of your network's performance.

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Network remediation

If the results of bandwidth planning, port testing, or network requirements testing show that your current network needs remediation before you deploy Teams, you can accomplish this in several ways:

  • For insufficient bandwidth, upgrade connections so that traffic to Office 365 can flow unhindered.

  • For blocked ports, change firewall rules and retest the ports.

  • For network impairments, always perform a root-cause analysis.

Quality of service (QoS) can be used to battle impairments by prioritizing and separating traffic. Some organizations choose to deploy QoS to overcome bandwidth issues or restrict the amount of traffic flowing. This won't improve quality and will lead to new problems. A root-cause analysis should always be performed when network impairments exceed requirements. QoS can be a solution. For more information, see Quality of Service in Microsoft Teams.

Note

Many networks evolve over time due to upgrades, expansion, or other business requirements. Ensure that you have operational processes in place to maintain these areas as part of your service management planning.


Decision point
  • Who will be responsible for completing proper network assessments across all network segments and organization locations?

Next steps
  • You can perform a detailed network assessment to help ensure your network is ready for your Microsoft Teams deployment.
  • Perform network remediation based on the results of the network readiness assessment for every network segment.

Key takeaways

These are the main takeaways from this guidance. You must:

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  • Open TCP ports 80 and 443 outgoing from clients that will use Teams.

  • Open UDP ports 3478 through 3481 outgoing from clients that will use Teams.

  • Ensure that you have sufficient bandwidth for deploying Teams.

  • Run the Network Assessment Tool and ensure that you meet the requirements described in Media quality and network connectivity performance from both the edge segment and the client segment.

Related Topics

Microsoft Teams is now integrated with Outlook for Office 365 for Mac, allowing you to create Teams meetings directly within Outlook. It also allows you to view, accept, join meetings either in Outlook for Mac or Teams.

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  1. To schedule a Teams meeting in Outlook for Mac, switch to Calendar view.

  2. Select Meeting.

  3. Choose Teams Meeting. The Teams meeting details will be added to the invite once the meeting organiser sends the invite.

  4. Add invitees to the To field. You can invite entire contact groups (formerly known as distribution lists). Add your meeting subject, location, start time, and end time.

  5. Choose Send.

You can also invite people from outside your organization from Outlook. Just be sure to add them as guests before the meeting starts or they will have to join anonymously.